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Clapham Junction railway station (〔(Pronunciation given by Oxford Learners' Dictionaries )〕) is a major railway station and transport hub near St John's Hill in the south-west of Battersea in the London Borough of Wandsworth. Although it is in Battersea, the area around the station is commonly identified as Clapham Junction, which is situated north of the neighbouring district of Clapham. Routes from London's south and south-west termini, and , funnel through the station making it one of the busiest in Europe〔''Great British Railway Journeys'' (Series 4, Episode 7): "Woking to Clapham Junction" BBC2, 15 January 2013〕 by number of trains using it, 100–180 per hour save for the five hours after midnight. The station is also the busiest UK station for interchanges between services.〔Office of Rail Regulation, Station Usage Estimates 2011–12〕 ==History== Before the railway came the area was rural and specialised in growing lavender; the street Lavender Hill is east of the station. The coach road from London to Guildford ran slightly south of the future station site, past ''The Falcon'' public house at the crossroads in the valley between St. John's Hill and Lavender Hill. On 21 May 1838 the London and Southampton Railway, became the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR), and opened its line from as far as Woking. That was the first railway through the area but it had no station at the present site. The second line, initially from Nine Elms to Richmond, opened on 27 July 1846. Nine Elms was replaced in 1848 as the terminus by Waterloo Bridge station, now Waterloo. The line to Victoria opened by 1860. Clapham Junction opened on 2 March 1863, a joint venture of the L&SWR, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) and the West London Extension Railway (WLER) as an interchange station for their lines.〔The west London Railway and the W.L.E.R, H.V.Borley & R.W.Kidner, 1981 reprint, The Oakwood Press, Usk Monmouthshire. ISBN 0-85361-174-2〕 When the station was built much of Battersea was treated as and cast as a heavy industry district while Clapham a mile south-east of this point was fashionable. The railway companies, to attract a middle- and upper-class clientele, seized the unindustrial parish calculating being upon the slopes of Clapham's plateau would only re-inforce this distinction, leading to a long-lasting misunderstanding that the station is in Clapham. The railway companies were not alone in eschewing Battersea, from the 1880s until the 1950s the imposing private houses forming the streets of the district were commonly recorded by property-owning residents as 'Clapham Common N. Side, London' and 'Clapham Common W. Side, London' quite apart from those park-side streets.〔(''Year's Art'' ), published 1922, London, p. 500〕〔(Directory of British Architects, 1834–1914: Vol. 2 (L-Z) ) A. Brodie (ed), 2001, Continuum, London, p.12〕 Additional station buildings were erected in 1874 and 1876. (詳細はBattersea Power Station brought slums and the population of which rose from 6,000 in 1840 to 168,000 by 1910. Battersea's slums unfit for human habitation were entirely replaced with council and charitable housing between 1918 and 1975. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Clapham Junction railway station」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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